Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a kind of secondary kidney disease which is caused by long time diabetes. Generally, it can be divided into 5 stages.
The first stage can also be called renal hypertrophy of diabetic glomerulus and high filtration stage. In this stage, only GFR increases. The UAE is normal. Generally, type 1 diabetes patients have this kind of change. After treatment, they can reverse.
The second stage can also be called asymptomatic renal damage stage. In this stage, intermittent microalbumin appears in urine. In this stage, renal structure has changed. GFR increases or stays in normal. Blood pressure is usually normal in this stage. This stage usually takes place 2 years after diagnosed with Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). Many patients can maintain in the stage and have a good prognosis.
The third stage is called early stage of Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). In this stage, continuous microalbumin appears. The kidney structure changed a lot. GFR is normal and blood pressure rises slightly. This stage usually takes place 10 to 15 years after diagnosed with Diabetic Nephropathy.
The fourth stage is called clinical Diabetic Nephropathy stage or dominant Diabetic Nephropathy stage. In this stage, patients can have a large amount of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema. GFR decreased progressively. Blood pressure increases obviously. Such symptoms appear 15 to 25 years after diagnosed with Diabetic Nephropathy.
The last stage is renal failure stage. In this stage, serum creatinine level and BUN (blood urea nitrogen) rises, which lead to azotaemia and renal failure. Patients can also be accompanied by high blood pressure, edema, poor appetite or anemia, and so on. If the serum creatinine rises as high as 445umol/L, patients need to take dialysis.
However, please do not worry once diagnosed with Diabetic Nephropathy for modern medical technology is developing at a rapid speed.
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